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Emergence of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.): Comparison of two accessions and modelling

机译：田间pennycress（Thlaspi arvense L.）的出现：两种种质和模型的比较

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Many weed species are becoming rare due to intense agricultural management, which leads to a decrease of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Cultivating some of these species for their oilseed content may help preserve them while profiting agronomically. Thlaspi arvense is one of these species with potential as an industrial crop. The aim of this work was to develop a model to describe the emergence of this species, and that can help to make decisions for its management, whether for conservation or production purposes. The emergence of two accessions of T. arvense, one from Spain and the other from USA, sown in Spain (Almenar) and USA (Morris), over two seasons (2011–12 and 2012–13) and in Riga (Latvia) over one season (2012), was followed to compare patterns and extent, as well as to develop emergence prediction models based on hydrothermal time (HTT) and photohydrothermal time (PhHTT). For the USA accession, the percentage of seeds that emerged was significantly higher than that of the Spanish accession. Both accessions presented two emergence peaks (autumn–winter and spring) in both localities, but while these peaks could be considered as two different flushes in Almenar – for both accessions –, they appeared to be a single flush disrupted by low winter temperatures in Morris. An HTT-based model was applicable for both accessions with less precision than the PhHTT-based one, which was more accurate in most cases but failed in certain circumstances for the USA accession. The differences in emergence percentage among accessions suggest that some accessions might be more amenable to being used as a crop. The two models developed in this work predicted the emergence of both accessions of T. arvense quite accurately. The inclusion of photoperiod in the hydrothermal time equation, creating a new unit that we have called photohydrothermal time, offers a possibility to obtain more accurate models.
机译：由于严格的农业管理，许多杂草物种变得稀有，这导致农业生态系统中生物多样性的减少。种植其中某些品种的油料含量可能有助于保护它们，同时从农业上获利。 Thlaspi arvense是其中一种，有潜力作为工业作物。这项工作的目的是开发一个模型来描述该物种的出现，并且可以帮助其管理决策，无论是出于保护还是出于生产目的。在两个季节（2011-12年和2012-13年）和里加（拉脱维亚）两个季节播种了两种西班牙锥虫，分别来自西班牙（阿尔梅纳尔）和美国（莫里斯）。遵循一个季节（2012年）比较模式和程度，并开发基于热液时间（HTT）和光热液时间（PhHTT）的涌现预测模型。对于美国的加入，发芽的百分比显着高于西班牙的加入。这两个种在两个地方都出现了两个出峰（秋季–冬季和春季），尽管这些峰可以被视为阿尔梅纳尔的两种不同的潮红（对于两种种），但它们似乎是一次单一的潮红，受莫里斯冬季低温的干扰。与基于PhHTT的模型相比，基于HTT的模型适用于两种登录方式的精度都较低，后者在大多数情况下更为准确，但在某些情况下对于美国加入而言却失败了。种质之间出苗率的差异表明某些种质可能更适合用作农作物。在这项工作中开发的两个模型非常准确地预测了两株T. arvense的出现。在热液时间方程中包含光周期，创建了一个我们称为光热液时间的新单位，这为获得更准确的模型提供了可能。

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